Getting your book optioned (and hopefully produced) as a film or television series can often be a process which, from the outside, seems shrouded in mystery, but there are a few key things to note.

Firstly, whether or not your book gets optioned is not always predictable from a publishing perspective. This is partly because film and television trends are often in stark contrast to publishing trends. So, while your book may have been written and edited taking into account the current hits on BookTok and in Waterstone’s, those often do not match up with what’s big on screen. Take, for example, romantasy: while it has had a huge boom in publishing, very few books except the top global bestsellers, who can guarantee a very large audience, will break through into television.

So, how does the process work? Firstly, Book to Film agents, who are meeting with producers all the time, will assess the screen potential of a book and decide whether to actively submit it widely. To do this, they read the book, and, if they can see screen potential, write a submission letter. This letter is much like the one a book agent writes for publishers; it summarises and sells the book, often comparing it to other recent series or films. Then they’ll compile a list of producers who could be interested, based on recent meetings and market research, before sending it out.

There isn’t always a direct correlation between submitting a book widely and the book being optioned, however. Often a producer who options a book comes directly to the agent and there are several things which can trigger this. It could be a review; for example, we may submit a novel widely for months and get no interest, but then an amazing review in the New York Times pops up and multiple producers read it and now want to option the book. Or, maybe it suddenly becomes a bestseller. But even these moments don’t necessarily mean a book will get optioned; sometimes an obscure book can find its way into the lap of a filmmaker and become a passion project, through no graft on the part of the Book to Film agent. Though none of the above means that a Book to Film agent simply sits and waits for offers to come in.

Another key player in the optioning process is the book scout. A book scout gathers information for their clients (film and television producers). They aim to be across everything that’s happening in publishing, feeding their clients summaries and reports on books that might interest them. So, when submitting to producers, Book to Film agents will also submit to scouts, who will read and assess for their clients. Often one good assessment or recommendation from a scout, can lead to interest from one or two producers.

Once you have interest from one or more producers, the Book to Film agent will ask them for their creative proposal; how they see the adaptation, what kind of writer they would get to adapt it, which channels or platforms they imagine it on, and why they love the book etc. We then feed this proposal back to the author, and, if they want to, set up a meeting between them and the producer, so they can hear more and get a feel for them. If there are multiple producers interested, this can also be a way for the author to decide for or against a producer (for example, if they really don’t gel with the producer as a person).

We then usually ask all producers interested to make a financial offer. If there is only one producer interested, however, we may ask them to make their offer financial from the outset, in order not to waste an author’s time. Sometimes, if it’s a very small company interested in a book, we will let them know our minimum expectation, so that we don’t waste time on a lowball offer that we simply could never accept.

It’s at this point that negotiations begin. If there are multiple offers, we may ask all parties to improve their offers, sometimes all on different points, so that, in an ideal world, the author is only deciding on an editorial basis. However, this isn’t always the case, and an author may end up having to choose between a team they really want to work with and a bigger wad of cash. Once the author makes their choice, an agreement is negotiated by the Book to Film agent (which can take months) and a contract is finally signed.

But what does it being optioned actually mean? Well, the company now has the exclusive right to buy the relevant rights in the book. So, they haven’t actually bought the book, but they’ve bought themselves a window to buy it. Within that window, they may attach a screenwriter and see if they can secure a broadcaster or financier, and then, if all goes well, buy the book. This option can also be extended multiple times so that the producer can buy themselves more time to put together their adaptation or present to buyers. If, in the end, they don’t exercise the option i.e. buy the rights, the author is free to get it optioned elsewhere, and the process starts all over again.